Le uiga o maa taua i le talafaasolopito

A o avea maa taua ma mea teuteu, sa vave ona faia ni taumafaiga e faavasegaina. maa sili ona leagaВ sili atu ona taua ma itiiti le taua. Ua faamaonia lenei mea i faamaumauga eseese o talafaasolopito. Mo se faaaʻoaʻoga, ua tatou iloa, na vaevaeina e Papelonia ma Asuria ia maa na latou iloa i ni vaega se tolu e lē tutusa lona tau. O le mea muamua, sili ona taua, o maa e fesootaʻi ma paneta. E aofia ai taimane e fesootaʻi ma Mercury, safaira e fesootaʻi ma Uranus, turquoise ma Saturn, opals ma Jupiter, ma amethysts ma le Lalolagi. O le vaega lona lua - fetu-foliga, e aofia ai garnets, agates, topazes, heliodor, hyacinth ma isi. O le vaega lona tolu - terrestrial, e aofia ai penina, amber ma amu.

Na faapefea ona togafitia maa taua i aso ua mavae?

Sa ese le tulaga i Initia, lea e lua ituaiga o ma'a ua fa'avasegaina - taimane ma corundum (peni ma safaira). Ua i ai i le amataga o le XNUMXth ma le XNUMXnd seneturi BC, o le faifilosofia sili Initia ma le connoisseur o Kautilya maa i lana galuega ua faaulutalaina "The Science of Use (Benefits)" na iloga ai vaega e fa o taimane. O le sili ona taua o taimane manino ma le lanu "e pei o le papa tioata", o le lona lua o taimane enaena-samasama "pei o mata o se lapiti", o le lona tolu o le "lanumeamata lanumeamata", ma le lona fa o taimane "lanu Saina". Rose". O taumafaiga faapena e faavasega maa na faia e le au atamamai o aso anamua, i Eleni e Teocritus o Sirac, Plato, Aristotle, Theophrastus, i Roma ma isi. Solinius ma Pliny le Toeaina. O le mea mulimuli na manatu o maʻa sili ona taua "susulu i le susulu tele" poʻo le "faʻaalia o latou lanu paia." Na ia taʻua i latou o maʻa "tane" e faʻafeagai ma maʻa "fafine", lea e masani ona "eseese ma e masani ona susulu". O taumafaiga tutusa e faʻavasega maʻa e mafai ona maua i le tele o tusitala anamua.

I lena taimi, sa i ai se talitonuga lauiloa i aso anamua e faapea o ma'a taua e iai mea e sili ona aoga, lea e mafai ona aafia lelei ai le taunuuga o se tagata, aemaise lava pe a faʻaaogaina i foliga o amulets ma talismans. O le vaaiga lenei i le malosi faʻataulāitu o maʻa na faʻamamafaina faapitoa e tusitala anamua i taumafaiga uma i le faʻavasegaina. O le mea lea, na amata ai ona iloagofie maʻa, o le malosi mafuaʻaga e laʻititi. Ma o se laasaga lea i le vaevaeina o maa i maa e mafai ona maua e temoni ma maa e tetee atu i gaioiga a agaga leaga.

Malosiaga e le masani ai e fa'atatau i ma'a

Faʻasaga i tua o nei mea faʻapitoa poʻo mea faʻapitoa, o le galuega a Al-Biruni (Abu Reyhan Biruni, 973-1048) e tatau ona faʻapitoa. na ia fautuaina se taumafaiga e matua ese lava e faavasega maa. O le mea sili ona taua o maa mumu (rubies, spinels, garnets), o le vaega lona lua o le itiiti ifo taua o taimane (faʻapena ona o lo latou faigata!), O le vaega lona tolu o penina, 'amu ma tina-o-penina, o le vaega lona fa o lanu meamata. ma le lanumoana-lanumeamata (emeralds, malachite, jade ma lapis lazuli). O se vaega tu'ufa'atasi e aofia ai mea o lo'o afua mai i meaola, e aofia ai le amber ma le jet, lea e tatau ona manatu o se mea e tatau ona gauai atu i ai, faʻapea foʻi ma le filifilia o tioata ma porcelain e pei o maʻa faʻapitoa.

O maa taua i le Vaitau Tutotonu

W oI le amataga o Vaitausaga Tutotonu, o taumafaiga e faʻavasega maʻa e masani lava ona fesoʻotaʻi ma o latou foliga matagofie poʻo mea e fiafia i ai nei.. O fa'amaumauga fa'asolopito o lo'o tu'uina mai ai fa'ata'ita'iga o ia mana'oga e fai ma fa'avae mo fa'avasegaga. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, i le amataga o Vaitau Tutotonu, sa sili ona taua o safaira lanumoana ma amethyst lanu viole uliuli. I le taimi o le Renaissance ma tua atu - rubies, safaira, taimane ma emeralds. Sa iai foʻi vaitaimi sa iai taimane ma penina i maa sili ona tāua. O le taumafaiga muamua faʻaonaponei e faʻavasega maʻa na tuʻuina atu i le 1860 e le German mineralogist C. Kluge. Na ia vaevaeina maa na ia iloa i ni vaega se lua: maa taua ma maa semi-taua. I vaega uma e lua, na ia faailoa mai ai vasega e 5 o tulaga faatauaina. O maa sili ona taua (I vasega) e aofia ai taimane, corundum, chrysoberyl ma spinels, o le sili ona taua (V vasega) e aofia ai: jet, iasepi, serpentine, alabaster, malachite, rhodochrosite.

O maa taua i Talafaasolopito o ona po nei

O se manatu e fai si ese ma matua faalauteleina o categorization na faailoa mai i le 1920 e le Rusia mineralogist ma gemologist A. Fersman, ma i le 70s. ma isi saienitisi Rusia (B. Marenkov, V. Sobolev, E. Kevlenko, A. Churupa) taʻiala eseese, e aofia ai se faʻataʻitaʻiga tau faʻaalia e seasea, aga ma mea e fiafia i ai na matauina i le gasologa o tausaga, faʻapea foʻi ma nisi o mea faʻapitoa ma vailaʻau e pei o le maaa, maopoopo, manino, lanu ma isi. O le taunuuga pito sili ona mamao o lenei faiga o le faavasegaga na fuafuaina e A. Churup. Na ia vaevaeina ia maa i vasega e 3: teuteu (taua), teuteuga-teuteu ma teuteu. Teuga (taua) maa i le mea muamua tioata lelei fausia ( tioata tasi ) ma e seasea fa'apipi'i fa'atasi ma tikeri eseese o le automorphism. O maʻa o lenei vasega na vaevaeina e le tusitala i ni vaega, faʻavae i luga o tulaga faʻatekonolosi, e aofia ai le maaa. Faʻafetai i lenei mea, o taimane sa i le mea muamua, i lalo ifo o ituaiga o corundum, beryllium, chrysoberyl, tourmaline, spinel, garnet ma isi.

Sa tuu i latou i se vaega eseese, e pei o se vasega ese ma'a e iai a'afiaga matae pei o le taʻaloga o lanu (susulu), opalescence, susulu (sulu) - opals taua, moonstone, labrador, ma i le vaega pito i lalo turquoise, amu taua ma penina. O le vaega lona lua, vaeluagalemu i le va o maa taua ma teuteu, e aofia ai maa o le feololo pe maualalo le maaa, ae maualuga le felagolagomaʻi, faʻapea foʻi ma maʻa o lanu malosi pe faʻataʻitaʻiina (iasepi, agate, falcon's and tiger's eyes, lapis lazuli, streamers, etc.) . O le talosaga a lenei vaega, e pei ona i ai, i le va o teuga ma mea teuteu, o se saafiafiga i tu ma aga teuteu a le tusitala. O le vaega lona tolu e aofia ai maa teuteu, na faʻavasega e le tusitala isi maʻa uma e iai uiga teuteu e sili atu le leaga nai lo na taʻua, faʻapea foʻi ma maʻa e maualalo le maaa, i lalo ma laʻititi i luga ole 3 i le fua Mohs. O le faʻaaogaina o tulaga faʻatekonolosi e fai ma faʻavae mo le faʻavasegaina o maʻa e leʻi mafai ona maua ai ni taunuuga lelei. O le faiga na fuafuaina e matua le fetaui ma mea moni o mea teuteu, lea e taua ai le faʻavasegaina o faʻamaumauga e pei o le taua o le maʻa taua, seasea poʻo mea macroscopic e pei o aʻafiaga mata, ma o nisi taimi e faʻapea foʻi ma microphysical ma vailaʻau o maʻa. Ona o le mea moni e faapea o nei vaega e leʻi aofia i le faʻavasegaga, o le talosaga a A. Churupa, e ui lava ina faʻaonaponei ma faʻamaonia saʻo i lona tuufaatasiga lautele, e leʻi faʻaaogaina i le faʻatinoga. O lea la o se tasi lea o le tele - faʻasalalau lautele i Polani - taumafaiga le manuia e faʻavasega maʻa.

I le taimi nei, ona o lona toesea, gemologists e masani ona faʻaaogaina faʻamatalaga lautele ma le saʻo. E faapena foi i le vaega o maa:

1) taua - o nei mea e aofia ai le tele o minerale o loʻo fausia i le natura i lalo o tulaga faʻanatura, o loʻo faʻaalia i mea faʻaletino faifaipea ma le maualuga o le tetee atu i mea tau vailaʻau. O nei maʻa, saʻo le tipiina, e iloga i le maualuga o mea faʻalelei ma uiga teuteu (lanu, susulu, susulu ma isi mea faʻapitoa). 2) teuteuga - e aofia ai ma'a, masani ma'a monomineral, minerale ma vaila'au fa'atupuina i le natura i lalo o tulaga fa'ale-natura (o le afuaga fa'alenatura) ma e iai uiga fa'aletino faifai pea. A maeʻa ona faʻalelei, e iai a latou mea teuteu. E tusa ai ma lenei faʻavasegaga, o se vaega faʻapitoa faʻapitoa o maʻa teuteu e aofia ai penina masani, penina faʻaleaganuʻu, ma sili atu talu ai nei foi amber. O lenei fa'aeseesega e leai se fa'amaoniga taua ma e fa'amuamua mo fa'amoemoega faapisinisi. E masani lava i tusitusiga faʻapolofesa e mafai ona e mauaina le faaupuga "maa teuteu". O lenei faaupuga e le o faasino i soʻo se vaega o maʻa, ae faʻaalia ai lo latou faʻaogaina. O lona uiga o maa teuteu e mafai ona avea uma ma maa taua ma teuteu, ma maa gaosia poʻo mea faʻapitoa e leai ni analogues i le natura, faʻapea foʻi ma ituaiga eseese o faʻataʻitaʻiga ma faʻataʻitaʻiga.

O faʻamatalaga saʻo ma faʻamalamalama lelei, igoa ma faaupuga, faʻapea foʻi ma a latou faʻavasegaga, e taua tele mo le fefaʻatauaʻiga o mea teuteu. E mafua ona latou faafaigofieina fesootaiga ma puipuia ai ituaiga sauaga eseese, e le gata i le loto i ai ma le faafuasei.

O faʻalapotopotoga faʻapitoa faʻapitoa ma malo o le tele o atunuʻu o loʻo nofouta i lenei mea, o loʻo taumafai e faʻafetaui nei faʻalavelave leaga e ala i le tuʻuina atu o ituaiga tulafono eseese e puipuia ai le maketi o tagata faatau. Ae o le faʻafitauli o le tuʻufaʻatasia o igoa ma faaupuga i luga o le lalolagi atoa o se faʻafitauli faigatao lea, e le tatau ona faamoemoeina o le a vave ona foia. Pe o le a faia ma faamalosia, ma pe o le a lona fua, e faigata ona valoia i aso nei.

Compendium of Knowledge - aoao e uiga i maa taua uma

Siaki a matou aoina o le malamalama e uiga i maa taua uma fa'aaogaina i teuga

• Taimane / Taimane
• Ruby
• amethyst
• Aquamarine
• Agate
• ametrine
• Safaira
• Emerald
• Topa
• Tsimofan
• Jade
• morganite
• auē
• Peridot
• Alexandrite
• Heliodor